OEM install reinstall, Recoveries, and troubleshooting of windows 7, Vista, XP, 9. This section of the website is dedicated to system recoveries, system restores, system remasters, or what is commonly known as system reinstalls of OEM computers that have Windows 9. Windows 9. 8, Windows NT, Windows ME, Windows 2. Over Vistalizator. Heb je een Windows laptop in het buitenland gekocht en wil je Windows graag in je eigen taal? Probeer Vistalizator - Met deze tool kunt u de. Windows vista home premium free download - Microsoft Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows Vista Home Basic upgrade, Microsoft Windows Vista Home Basic, and many more. Microsoft.NET Framework 4.6 (webinstallatieprogramma) voor Windows Vista SP2, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2008 SP2, Windows Server 2008 R2. Belangrijk : Gebruikers die Office 2010 al hebben geïnstalleerd op een computer met Windows Vista of Windows 2008 Server en die de nieuwste versie van de lettertypen. Windows XP , Windows Vista and Windows 7 pre- installed on them at the factory. The methods are different to the normal versions of Windows and vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Presently we cover the following systems. Feel free to post other systems on our forum, or requests so that they can be added here also. SONY VAIO COMPUTERSWindows Vista and 7 Reinstalls and Recoveries. ![]() ![]() ACER COMPUTERS. Windows 3.1, 95, 98, ME, XP, Vista and 7 Reinstalls and Recoveries. ADVENT COMPUTERS. Windows ME, XP, Vista and 7 Reinstalls and Recoveries. De nieuwste Windows versie, Windows 7, belooft veel goeds. Sneller en gebruikersvriendelijker dan vorige Windows versies en een hoop nieuwe features. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
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Better Off. mp. 3. Said and Done. mp. Summer Clothes. mp. Separate. mp. 3. 1. I Need You In It. Teddy Loves Her. mp. How to Use System Restore in Windows 7, 8, and 1. System Restore is a Windows feature that can help fix certain types of crashes and other computer problems. Here’s how it works, how to set it up, and how to use it when things go awry. We’re going to be using Windows 1. System Restore has been around a long time–and works pretty much the same way in each version of Windows. The instructions here are good for Windows 7, 8, and 1. What Is System Restore? When something goes wrong on your system as a result of a bad piece of software–maybe an app you installed, or a driver that broke something important–it can be hard to fix. System Restore lets you restore your Windows installation back to its last working state. It does this by creating “restore points” every so often. Restore points are snapshots of your Windows system files, certain program files, registry settings, and hardware drivers. You can create a restore point at any time, though Windows automatically creates a restore point once per week. It also creates a restore point right before a major system event, like installing a new device driver, app, or running Windows update. Then, if something goes wrong, you can run System Restore and point it to a recent restore point. It will reinstate those system settings, files, and drivers, returning your underlying Windows system to that earlier state. This can be really useful when troubleshooting certain types of problems. For example, if you install a device driver that makes your computer unstable, you’ll want to uninstall that driver. However, in some cases, the driver may not uninstall properly, or it may damage system files when you uninstall it. Meet the new browser for Windows 10 and learn the basics. If you use System Restore and select a restore point that was created before you installed the driver, this can restore your system files to the previous state before any problem occurred. Windows Restore can also be really useful for undoing the damage caused by a misbehaving app or Windows update. Sometimes, apps and updates can cause problems with other apps or even system components and simply uninstalling the app might not reverse the damage. Restoring to a point before the app was installed, however, can often clear up the problem. ![]() Windows Recovery Environment How to Create a System Repair Disk in Windows 7 and Vista. Click here to find out how to Start the Recovery Environment (WinRE). System Restore is a Windows feature that can help fix certain types of crashes and other computer problems. Here’s how it works, how to set it up, and how to use it. Create A XP Boot Disk from System Files. As a hedge against being unable to start XP, you can create a boot disk specifically for Windows XP that may allow you. Have you ever encountered boot failure? EaseUS Todo Backup bootable disk will help you restore the operating system fast and easily. How to create a bootable disk of. What is volume shadow copy? Volume Shadow Copy is a service that creates and maintains snapshots (“shadow copies”) of disk volumes in Windows 7 and Vista. While you may be unable to create a system restore points manually, it is quite possible however that the Automatic Restore Points may continue to get created, but. Use Windows 8 USB Boot Disk to Repair OS. Insert the newly created disc to the computer whose operating system got crashed. Restart the computer and press "F2" or. System Restore is a feature that allows users to restore their system to a previous state. It offers a way to undo all the changes in the system files, registry keys. ![]() How Does Using System Restore Affect My Personal Files? System Restore is different than making backups–it specifically works on the underlying Windows system, rather than everything on your hard drive. As such, System Restore does not save old copies of your personal files as part of its snapshot. It also will not delete or replace any of your personal files when you perform a restoration. So don’t count on System Restore as working like a backup. That isn’t what it’s intended for. You should always have a good backup procedure in place for all your personal files. How Does Using System Restore Affect My Apps? When you restore your PC to an earlier restore point, any apps you installed after that point will get uninstalled. ![]() Apps that were installed when that restore point was created will still be in place. Apps that you uninstalled after making that restore point will get restored, but with a very big caveat. Since System Restore only restores certain types of files, programs that get restored often won’t work–or at least, work properly until you re- run their installers. Windows does let you see exactly what programs will be affected when you go through the process, but it’s a good idea to restore to the most recent restore point possible to minimize problems with apps. It’s also a good idea to create manual restore points before you undertake big installations or settings changes so that you know you can revert to a very recent restore point if you need to. Can System Restore Remove Viruses or Other Malware? System Restore is not a good solution for removing viruses or other malware. Since malicious software is typically buried within all kinds of places on a system, you can’t rely on System Restore being able to root out all parts of the malware. Instead, you should rely on a quality virus scanner that you keep up to date. Creating a restore point in Windows 8 and 10. To create a restore point in Windows 8 and Windows 10, follow the steps below. Click Start and type restore.How to Enable System Restore. For many people, System Restore protection is turned on by default for your main system drive (C: ) and not other drives on your PC. ![]() For others, System Restore is not enabled by default for any drives. Right now, there’s no consensus for why this happens. It does not appear related to whether Windows was installed fresh or upgraded, how much disk space you have available, what type of drives you have, or anything else we can figure out. If you want to be protected by System Restore, you should absolutely turn it on for at least your system drive. In most cases, that’s all you need, since all the things System Restore protects tend to be located on the system drive anyway. If you want to turn on System Restore protection for other drives–say, for example, you install some programs to a different drive–you can do that too. To make sure System Restore is turned on–and to enable it for specific drives–hit Start, type “restore,” and then click “Create a restore point.” Don’t worry. This doesn’t actually create a restore point; it just opens the dialog where you can get to all the System Restore options. On the “System Protection” tab, in the “Protection Settings” section, you’ll see the available drives on your PC and whether protection is enabled for each drive. To turn on protection, select a drive on the list and click the “Configure” button.(In our case, System Restore was already enabled for our C: drive. If it isn’t on your system, that’s the first drive you’ll probably want to enable it for.)In the “System Protection” dialog that opens, click the “Turn on system protection” option, adjust the “Max Usage” slider to the amount of hard drive space you want System Restore to be able to use, and then click “OK.”You can then click “OK” again to exit the System Properties dialog. Just be aware that when Windows creates a restore point (or you create one manually), System Restore will create a restore point on all the drives that have system protection enabled. How to Create a Restore Point. As we mentioned earlier, System Restore automatically creates restore points on a week, and whenever a major event like an application or driver installation happens. You can also create a restore point yourself whenever you want. Hit Start, type “restore,” and then click “Create a restore point.” On the “System Protection” tab, click the “Create” button. Type a description for your restore point that will help you remember why you created it and then click “Create.”It can take 3. System Restore will let you know when it’s done. Click “Close.”How to Restore Your System to an Earlier Restore Point. Okay, so you have System Restore enabled, and you’ve been diligent about creating restore points whenever you mess with your system. Then, one fateful day, the inevitable happens–something goes wonky with your system, and you want to restore to an earlier restore point. You’ll start the restore process from the same “System Protection” tab where you configure System Restore options. Hit Start, type “restore,” and then click “Create a restore point.” On the “System Protection” tab, click the “System Restore” button. The welcome page of the System Restore wizard just gives you a brief description of the process. Click “Next” to go on. The next page shows you the available restore points. By default, the only thing showing will probably be the automatic weekly restore point and any manual restore points you’ve created. Select the “Show more restore points” option to see any automatic restore points created before app or driver installations. Select the restore point you want–remember, the most recent working restore point is ideal–and then click “Scan for affected programs” to have System Restore detect any programs that will be uninstalled during the process. System Restore will present you with two lists. The top list shows you programs and drivers that will be deleted if you restore Windows to the selected restore point. The bottom list shows programs and drivers that might be restored by the process. Again, even programs and drivers that get restored might not function properly until you do a full reinstall. When you’re ready to restore, click the restore point you want to use and then click Next. Note that you can skip the scanning step and just click Next anyway, but it’s always good to see what apps will be affected before you start the process. Next, you’re asked to confirm the restoration. Make sure you’ve selected the right restore point and click “Finish.”System Restore informs you that once it starts, the restore process cannot be interrupted. Click “Yes” to start. Windows will restart your PC and begin the restore process. It can take a while for System Restore to reinstate all those files–plan for at least 1. PC comes back up, you’ll be running at your selected restore point. It’s now time to test whether it resolved whatever problems you were having. And remember that System Restore creates an additional restore point right before performing the restore process, so you can always undo your actions by performing this same process and selecting that new restore point. Other Ways You Can Fix System Problems. If System Restore doesn’t solve your problem, there are other ways you can go about addressing some of the issues System Restore is designed to solve. If the problem was caused by a recent update, you can look at uninstalling that Windows Update or reverting to a previous “build” of Windows 1. This should fix problems that might occur due to Windows Update and issues with your specific hardware and software. If you believe your system files are corrupted–or just want to check–you can try using the System File Checker to scan for and fix corrupt system files. If you installed an update or hardware driver and the problem started after that, you can uninstall the driver or update and block them from being automatically installed again. ![]() What environment variables are available in Windows? A. You can use environment variables to gain information about a system. For a complete list of environment variables available in Windows, see the following table: Table 1: Environment Variables. ALLUSERSPROFILELocal returns the location of the All Users Profile. APPDATALocal returns the location where applications store data by default. CDLocal returns the current directory string. CMDCMDLINELocal returns the exact command line used to start the current cmd. CMDEXTVERSIONSystem returns the version number of the current Command Processor Extensions. COMPUTERNAMESystem returns the name of the computer. COMSPECSystem returns the exact path to the command shell executable. DATESystem returns the current date. This variable uses the same format as the date /t command. Cmd. exe generates this variable. For more information about the date command, see the Date command. ERRORLEVELSystem returns the error code of the most recently used command. A non- 0 value usually indicates an error. HOMEDRIVESystem returns which local workstation drive letter is connected to the user's home directory. This variable is set based on the value of the home directory. The user's home directory is specified in Local Users and Groups. The user's home directory is specified in Local Users and Groups. You have to first Install JDK in your system. Set Java Home. HOMESHARESystem returns the network path to the user's shared home directory. This variable is set based on the value of the home directory. ![]() The user's home directory is specified in Local Users and Groups. LOGONSEVERLocal returns the name of the domain controller that validated the current logon session. OSSystem returns the OS name. Windows XP and Windows 2. ![]() OS as Windows. PATHSystem specifies the search path for executable files. PATHEXTSystem returns a list of the file extensions that the OS considers to be executable. PROMPTLocal returns the command- prompt settings for the current interpreter. Cmd. exe generates this variable. RANDOMSystem returns a random decimal number between 0 and 3. Cmd. exe generates this variable.
Using Apache Tomcat in a Windows environment might seem simple enough, given that all Windows distributions include an installer to do all the Tomcat configuration. SYSTEMDRIVESystem returns the drive containing the Windows root directory (i. SYSTEMROOTSystem returns the location of the Windows root directory. Some applications require TEMP and others require TMP. ![]() TIMESystem returns the current time. This variable uses the same format as the time /t command. Cmd. exe generates this variable. For more information about the time command, see the Time command. USERDOMAINLocal returns the name of the domain that contains the user's account. USERNAMELocal returns the name of the user currently logged on. USERPROFILELocal returns the location of the profile for the current user. WINDIRSystem returns the location of the OS directory To access these environment variables, you must place a percentage symbol (%) before and after the variable. For example, echo %PROCESSOR. See also, Dick Lewis' more in- depth. ![]() ![]() Gold. Wave Frequently Asked Questions. To record in Gold. Wave, you need to make some connections. Or connect a microphone to the Mic In socket. Make sure the volume controls title. Recording Controls. Be aware of potential feedback issues. ![]() One of the most obvious changes you’ll see when you first boot into Windows 7 is the new taskbar dubbed the “superbar”. Most people like it, some don’t, but I. Description Volumouse provides you a quick and easy way to control the sound volume on your system - simply by rolling the wheel of your wheel mouse. Don't you hate it when need to adjust the volume on your computer only to find that the icon is missing from your taskbar? Here's a quick tip that I though. Method 1: Setting Volumes Using GoldWave. Use the Options . It displays recording sources.![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Mute speakers + Adjust Volume Mixer sound level in Windows 7. Windows 7 lets you control the volume of your sound speakers not only on a global level, but also at an. California Bank of Commerce was designed and created to serve the needs of business clients. As experts in business banking, we provide actionable, straight-forward. Official site of Universal Studios Hollywood theme park in Los Angeles California. Your guide to park hours, attractions, and theme park ticket deals. Bank Owned Properties, Bank Homes for Sale and REO Homes. Foreclosures, Bank Owned Homes, REO, Short Sales and Foreclosure Auctions. Last update: 0. 7/0. AM EST2,9. 35,1. 48. Bank owned properties have become a common option these days for homeowners and real estate investors. These homes have become very popular among potential homebuyers because of their discounted prices, which are significantly lower than current market rates. ![]() Search for bank owned homes by state below: . Got Questions for the San Diego Metro Region Career Center? Contact us via email, phone or social media or use our contact form. ![]() New Vista Health Services is a Skilled Nursing Facility and Nursing Home in Sunland, California, Los Angeles County. Gazetteer files are listings of geographic entity names, codes, total population, housing unit counts, area measurements, and internal point coordinates. Union Bank personal banking services are exclusively designed to meet your financial needs, because you deserve more. According to our research of California and other state lists there were 119 registered sex offenders living in Vista, California as of June 27, 2017. The ratio of. ![]() The best Wi. Fi range extenders. Unless you live in a studio apartment, or one of those “Tiny houses,” chances are there is a corner of your abode that the Wi- Fi could be improved upon. While the ideal situation is to have the router positioned in a central location, it hardly helps when most setups have the modem positioned by an external wall, putting both the modem and router on one side of the home, and away from the center. Multi- level dwellings also have their challenges as most routers can cover a single floor well, but the signal dwindles away on an upper floor or in the basement. Just like in other addictions, the first step of the “Twelve Step Process” is to admit that this is a problem that needs to be dealt with—feel free to repeat, “Hi, my name is xxxx, and I have a Wi- Fi deadspot.”With some knowledge of networking, there are plenty of ways to solve these connection conundrums, including running Ethernet cable, leveraging existing coax with a Mo. CA adapter, upgrading the router, or turning to a Powerline kit. A current solution in vogue is to turn to a mesh router kit, which can blanket a home in Wi- Fi. However, this comes at a significant expense, and is overkill for many users, especially if the router is otherwise working fine.
![]() We've been testing more range extenders but our primary pick, the Linksys RE7. It's got checkboxes in all the right features: performance, features, price, and will fill Wi. Fi gaps in most homes. Using the popular Wi- Fi Analyzer app for the Android platform, the increase in signal strength that an extender offers can be demonstrated. The router’s SSID is ASUS, and the extender’s SSID is dlink- D3. A0, which has a much stronger signal. Also note that both the router and the extender are transmitting on the same Wi- Fi channels, centered on Channel 6. Rather, another approach is to add an extender to the network, which can retransmit the signal from the router. The advantage of this approach is that the same router can be used. The disadvantage is that traditionally routers on the single 2. Ghz frequency cut their bandwidth in half by having to handle both transmitting and receiving. Some newer products in this space work around this issue by transmitting on one frequency, and receiving on another to avoid the “bandwidth cut.”As we collected gear for this buying guide, we looked at vendor websites, other roundups, and Amazon reviews to identify the products worth going hands- on with, and in turn worth your hard earned cash. Realize that network extenders have become a crowded market segment, with multiple devices sold from all the network vendors. Most of this gear was not designed to optimize gaming, making the process more complicated. We also chose to focus on more recent hardware offering potentially faster speeds. By the way, if you're going to be gaming with a VPN check out The Best VPN For Me, a site which will help you select your VPN based on exactly what you want. You can select between categories like . Some of the more compact designs fit neatly into an outlet to be unobtrusive. At the other end of the spectrum are devices that are sized like a router. ![]() So, maybe you have one already, from 5 years ago, but have noticed how bad it performs when streaming video. Here’s the truth about WiFi: If you don’t go big, you. The best WiFi range extenders Keep the signal going and going. By Jonas DeMuro. Backhaul: This refers to how the extender connects back to the router, which is further detailed below. SSID: Some extenders get their own SSID, and when roaming between the router and extender this may require a manual reconnect to the stronger signal. Some better extenders can integrate better onto the network with a single SSID, and allow for smoother roaming. In fact, this kind of becomes a “Mesh lite” type of system, that is often easier to live with. Placement feedback: Locating the extender is a critical step for optimal performance, as it needs a decent signal to both the router and the client to work. Some extenders provide feedback on this, whether by LED’s on the device, or their software interface. Backhaul Explained. A lot of the performance of the extender does come down to the backhaul. Extenders got a bad rap years ago when they debuted, when all they could do was repeat the 2. GHz signal, while cutting their bandwidth in half, earning the other name for this type of device—a repeater. This also made an extender the Wi- Fi solution of last resort, to be used only when there was literally no other solution to get the wireless signal to a location. With the current dual band routers that have both 2. GHz and 5 GHz frequencies, today’s extenders can transmit on one frequency, while simultaneously receiving on the alternate frequency. This allows for the full bandwidth to be transmitted by the extender, and avoiding what we term “The bandwidth haircut.” As an aside, this is akin to what some current mesh routers are doing these days, although most of them are turning to tri- band solutions, and keeping the second 5 GHz band hidden, and not available or even visible to the user for the connection between mesh nodes. None refers to no extender used in the Wi- Fi fringe area, and note how the ping increases to 1. The ping was measured via Speedtest. There was a tie among the extenders of 1. TP- Link RE4. 50 once again has the longest time (1. The D- Link was unable to complete testing on 5 GHz. The slowest was the Edimax Gemini R1. Mbps which cut the download speed in half, and indicates its more traditional extender performance. The D- Link was unable to complete the test, and the Edimax Gemini was the slowest at 5. Mbps. The baseline with no extender is 1. FPS, and all the extenders are able to improve the frame rate. Our highest FPS was achieved with the Linksys RE7. FPS, a clear victory on this test, with all the other extenders under 3. FPS. On the 2. 4 GHz frequency, the Linksys RE7. Edimax Gemini R1. These spikes roughly correspond to slowdowns within the game, and poor video streaming performance. The D- Link could not complete testing on 5 GHz, and all the other extenders had 1 latency spike. The highest was the D- Link extender at 4. Edimax Gemini R1. The best performance was the TP- Link RE4. Amped Wireless RE2. M at 8. 4%, and the Linksys RE1. The best score achieved is the TP- Link RE4. Edimax Gemini R1. The D- Link adapter could not connect on the 5 GHz frequency. Spec- wise, it has AC2. MU- MIMO, integrated Gigabit Ethernet port and an LED indicator for optimal positioning. Its large size also made it easy to partially fall out of some of our looser electrical outlets due to the weight and size. Setup of the DAP- 1. WPS proved to simplify things compared to the manual pathway that often hung. Although the product supports other manufacturer’s routers, it worked better when connected to a D- link router (DIR- 8. Asus router we used in our testing for the other routers. Once connected, the lower download throughput, and highest percentage of dropped frames on 4. K video streaming (4. In addition, while we could obtain test results on the 2. GHz frequency, it could not connect at all on the 5 GHz frequency, despite multiple wireless adapters tried. Edimax Gemini Wi- Fi Roaming Kit RE1. The Edimax Gemini RE1. Each unit was among the smallest extenders tested, making them discrete, and an easy fit in the electrical outlet. According to the Edimax website, the RE1. Gemini moniker. Setup was fiddly, and required more than one attempt to be connected to the router, but was accomplished. The weakness of the RE1. While other extender solutions connect on the alternate wireless frequency dynamically, the Gemini on setup gets locked to either the 2. GHz or 5 GHz frequency via a user selectable choice. This contributed to low throughout on Speedtest, an exceedingly large number of latency spikes on Ping. Plotter 5, a ridiculous latency on Ping. Plotter 5 of over 7. While the price is affordable at just under $1. Edimax Gemini RE1. Netgear N3. 00 EX2. The Netgear N3. 00 EX2. Amazon. While it is certainly affordable at $2. N3. 00 speeds, and lack of 5 GHz frequency support, did not allow it to make our cut for testing with more robust choices available. This also exposed issues with the extender’s backhaul solution. In addition to the throughput measured, we were also able to see how latency gets affected via the ping result. We next applied a network congestion model of simultaneous gaming and streaming video on the network, all going through the extender. The game is Medal of Honor: Pacific Theater, played on high game settings with a 7. FRAPS software to quantitate average, minimum and maximum frame rates, with each of the extender solutions, and a comparison to baseline. We also used Ping. Plotter 5, both to quantitate latency spikes of over 1. The streaming video was provided by a single 4. K You. Tube video. Using the “Stats for Nerds” tool that You. Tube provides, it was verified that the video was streaming in the full 4. K resolution. The dropped frames were measured against the total frames streamed for the clip, and this was expressed as a percentage of dropped frames, with lower numbers being preferred. Boost Wi. Fi Signal - How to Improve Wireless Router Range. Anyone who has experienced seemingly random disconnections while trying to surf the Web, stream movies or play online games understands the frustrations that come from poor wireless signal strength. Fortunately, you don’t have to run out and buy a brand- new router just yet. Here are seven ways you can improve your router’s performance for (mostly) free. Position Your Router in an Open Space. Just like Superman’s X- ray vision, wireless signals have a difficult time penetrating metal and other dense objects. Obstructions such as metal filing cabinets, pipes and walls can limit your wireless connection, and the more obstructions between your router and computer, the more severe the interference. Place the router in the open away from interfering objects to maximize signal strength. Similarly, placing your router in a corner of your house (or worse, in the basement) can reduce its range and capacity, as the signal loses efficacy every time it passes through an obstruction. Keeping the router in a central location can significantly improve your Wi- Fi’s performance. Change your Wireless Channel. Wireless routers use specific channels (one of 1. The more routers operating on a certain channel, the slower all their connections will be. You can use a free tool such as in. SSIDer (www. metageek. Wi- Fi networks and detect which wireless channel they’re using, then switch to a channel that’s more open. If the majority of surrounding routers are using channel 1, for instance, those people will suffer from limited range and power. Switching your wireless channel is easy enough — just read the documentation that came with your router to find the IP address for its configuration page (or type “ipconfig” into a command line, and find the address listed for Default Gateway). Then type that address into your browser’s address bar. You can change your wireless channel from there. Update your Router’s Firmware. Like any piece of hardware, your router can eventually fall out of date. Router manufacturers routinely roll out new firmware for their products, which fixes bugs and increases performance and reliability. Unfortunately, wireless routers don’t often inform users that an update for their firmware is available. The good news is that downloading and applying the update is a fairly simple process. First, look on the back of your router to find the model and version numbers. With those in hand, go to the manufacturer’s website to find the latest firmware for your router. After you’ve downloaded the file, install it by opening the router’s configuration page (described in the previous tip), opening the tab for Firmware Upgrade and choosing the downloaded file as the source. Let the upgrade process complete before clicking on any other link on the router configuration page. Update your Wireless Adapter Drivers. Like your router, your wireless adapter also receives periodic updates, some of which can boost your Wi- Fi performance. To get the latest drivers, you’ll need to find out which manufacturer the adapter comes from. Head to Device Manager in the Control Panel; once there, expand Network Adapters to find your adapter’s model and make. Next, go to the manufacturer’s website and download the latest drivers for your device. If the file is an executable (i. Otherwise, head back to Device Manager and double- click the name of the wireless adapter. Once there, click the Driver tab and select Update Driver. Finally, select “Browse my computer for driver software” and select the file you downloaded from the manufacturer. Replace your Router’s Antenna. Although most new routers feature internal antennas — which are difficult to modify or replace — some still use external antennas. These antennas are typically omnidirectional to ensure that the signal reaches every part of your home equally. However, if your router is positioned near an outside wall or in the corner of your home — and you can’t move it — half or more of the signal will be lost as the antenna beams data into the wall. Installing a high- gain antenna can maximize your router’s signal strength, as it allows you to aim the wireless signal in a single direction. On the other hand, if an omnidirectional antenna works best for you (for instance, if your router is placed in the center of your home), consider purchasing a longer antenna, as these generally boast better performance. The documentation that came with your router should provide specific instructions on how to replace the antenna. Fortunately, replacement antennas aren’t expensive. For example, a high- gain antenna for a Linksys WRT5. GL Wireless- G Broadband Router — one of the most popular routers on Amazon. Add a Wireless Repeater. You can use a wireless repeater to extend the range of your wireless router without moving the router itself or installing any extra wiring. The repeater’s name implies how it works — it just identifies the signal being transmitted by the router and “repeats” the signal at its location at full strength. Some of the signal integrity gets lost when the repeater rebroadcasts the signal, making a wireless repeater less optimal than a wired repeater if signal integrity is your primary concern. On the other hand, using a wireless repeater obviates the need for extra wiring, making it much more convenient. Wireless repeaters range in price from about $2. The popular Amped Wireless- N Smart Repeater and Range Extender will run you $1. To set up your wireless repeater, follow these steps: First, access the device’s system menu (as described in the manual). Ensure that the repeater and the router use the same SSID (your wireless network’s name and password). Give your repeater the same MAC address as the router. To find out your router’s MAC address, open the command prompt in Windows and type “ipconfig /all.” The MAC address will be listed next to the heading Physical Address. Finally, place the repeater halfway between your router and your computer, and check to see if it’s receiving a WLAN signal. Using DD- WRT This tip is recommended only for advanced users. You can download DD- WRT, a free piece of Linux- based firmware designed to improve signal strength and add new features to your router (such as the ability to selectively throttle the bandwidth of specific programs). More and more routers are supported by DD- WRT, so it’s likely that if you’re using a router from one of the major vendors, you’ll be able to install the software. Note that installing DD- WRT can void your warranty and is exceedingly difficult to remove once installed. The installation can also be somewhat laborious, and — if you’re not careful — can result in “bricking” your router if an error occurs while flashing the firmware. The installation process is too detailed to explain here, but, thankfully, the developer maintains a wiki (www. DD- WRT, as well as instructions on how to recover your router should it become bricked. The tool can attack over Fire. Wire, Thunderbolt, Express. Card, PC Card and any other PCI/PCIe interfaces. Inception aims to provide a relatively quick, stable and easy way of performing intrusive and non- intrusive memory hacks against live computers using DMA. How it works. Inception’s modules work as follows: By presenting a Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP- 2) unit directory to the victim machine over the IEEE1. Fire. Wire interface, the victim operating system thinks that a SBP- 2 device has connected to the Fire. Wire port. Since SBP- 2 devices utilize Direct Memory Access (DMA) for fast, large bulk data transfers (e. Fire. Wire hard drives and digital camcorders), the victim lowers its shields and enables DMA for the device. The tool now has full read/write access to the lower 4. GB of RAM on the victim. Once DMA is granted, the tool proceeds to search through available memory pages for signatures at certain offsets in the operating system’s code. Once found, the tool manipulates this code. For instance, in the unlock module, the tool short circuits the operating system’s password authentication module that is triggered if an incorrect password is entered. After running that module you should be able to log into the victim machine using any password. An analogy for this operation is planting an idea into the memory of the machine; the idea that every password is correct. In other words, the equivalent of a memory inception. Awesome! But why? The world’s forensics experts, governments and three- letter acronym agencies are using similar tools already, so why not? Inception is free, as in beer. A professional equivalent tool will set you back ~1. USD. Hack back! Key data. The tool makes use of the libforensic. Freddie Witherden under a LGPL license. Requirements. Inception requires: Hardware. Attacker machine: Linux or Mac OS X (host / attacker machine) with a Fire. Wire or Thunderbolt interface, or an Express. Card/PCMCIA expansion port. Linux is currently recommended due to buggy firewire interfaces on OS XVictim machine: A Fire. Wire or Thunderbolt interface, or an Express. Card/PCMCIA expansion port. Software. Python 3gitgcc (incl. The current modules, and their functionality is described below. For detailed options on usage, run: incept . Look for vtd. There are plenty of other (and better) ways to hack a machine that doesn’t pack encryption. The unlock module is stable on machines that has 4 Gi. B of main memory or less. If your the target has more then that, you need to be lucky in order to find the signatures mapped to a physical memory page frame that the tool can reach. As of this version, it is able to unlock the following x. ![]() OSVersion. Unlock lock screen. Escalate privileges. Windows 8. 8. 1. Yes. Yes. Windows 8. 8. Yes. Yes. Windows 7. SP1. Yes. Yes. Windows 7. SP0. Yes. Yes. Windows Vista. SP2. Yes. Yes. Windows Vista. SP1. Yes. Yes. Windows Vista. SP0. Yes. Yes. Windows XPSP3. Yes. Yes. Windows XPSP2. Yes. Yes. Windows XPSP1. Windows XPSP0. Mac OS XMavericks. Yes (1)Yes (1)Mac OS XMountain Lion. Yes (2)Yes (2)Mac OS XLion. Yes (2)Yes (2)Mac OS XSnow Leopard. ![]() ![]() English Chinese Simpl. Chinese Trad. Esperanto French German Japanese Polish Portuguese Brazil Spanish Thai Vietnamese. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) User FAQ. Yes. Yes. Mac OS XLeopard. Ubuntu (3)Saucy. Yes. Yes. Ubuntu. Raring. Yes. Yes. Ubuntu. Quantal. Yes. Yes. I followed your instruction on the Vista part. However, my problem is my drive default is pointing to x:Sources. I believe this is where my Recovery CD is being read.Ubuntu. Precise. Yes. Yes. Ubuntu. Oneiric. Yes. Yes. Ubuntu. Natty. Yes. Yes. Linux Mint. Yes. Yes. Linux Mint. Yes. Yes. Linux Mint.
Yes. Yes(1): Mavericks since 1. Ivy Bridge (> = 2. Macs) have enabled VT- D effectively blocking DMA requests and thwarting this attack. Look for vtd. It integrates with MSF through the msfrpcd daemon that is included in all versions of Metasploit. The current version only work as a proof- of- concept against Windows 7 SP1 x. No other OSes, versions or architectures are supported, nor is there any guarantee that they will be supported in the future. If you want to change this, send me a wad of cash in unmarked dollar bills or a pull request. Execution. To use it, start msfrpcd: msfrpcd - P . We’re setting the EXITFUNC option tothread to ensure that the target process stays alive if something should go awry: use exploit/multi/handler. No other OSes, versions or architectures are supported, nor is there. If you want to. change this, send me a wad of cash in unmarked dollar bills or a pull. Here’s a couple of hints: First, use the - v switch to visually confirm that the tool is able to read memory from the victim. Make sure you actually are connected with a IEEE1. Fire. Wire cable (Fire. ![]() Wire to USB converters, etc. Doh.“Nofirewire devices detected on the bus”. First, try running the tool again. If you get this error message, try a different cable and/or using a couple of converters (such as this and this) to convert from 6/9 pin Fire. Wire connector to 4 pin and back again. Fire. Wire cables are capable of transferring power, and this may cause trouble for some Fire. ![]() Wire chipsets. Some Fire. Wire cables are also known to be “straight- through” (i. Are you attacking from an OS that doesn’t support hot- plugging (such as Back. Track) using a Express. Card/etc. Re- boot the machine with the expansion card plugged in before running Inception. Are you sure you’re getting DMA? ![]() Sometimes the target machine uses an extended period of time (I’ve experienced time- spans up to around 3. Fire. Wire drivers and lowering the DMA shield; it is possible that you just didn’t wait long enough before attacking. Use the delay switch to increase the delay, and - v/–verbose to see if you actually read data. Also, looking in the Device Manager (assuming you are setting up a demo attacking Windows) may be helpful to see that a Fire. Wire SBP2 device actually pops up when running the tool. Mind you, it is all right with a yellow exclamation mark by the device, the tool should work nevertheless. Does your target use some form of endpoint protection? Some antivirus vendors specifically block Fire. Wire DMA. Turn it off and see what happens. ![]() Does your Fire. Wire port work? Try connecting a Fire. Wire disk and see if it is recognized. Check your BIOS setting to see that it is not disabled. Ensure that Fire. Wire drivers are present and not removed from the system. Are you getting data, but still can’t find the signature? Check the above and see the FAQ below. Also check the amount of RAM installed (Fire. ![]() Wire max addressable memory space is 4 Gi. B). The code may lie above that threshold, in which case the unlock attack won’t work. This is especially true for Linux machines, where kernel code resides in high memory addresses. Did Inception patch successfully, but you cannot log in? Try a non- blank password. Some OS authentication mechanisms check for blank passwords before passing control to the mechanism that Inception patches. Try again. Sometimes the DMA shield fails to lower on the first try/tries. Known bugs. Due to severe bugs in the Mac OS X Fire. Wire stack IOKit, attacking from a Mac can cause a kernel panic at the target and/or host system if an error condition should occur. As of March 2. 01. Mac OS X is not recommended.*) Caveats. Inception may not work reliably against machines with more than 4 Gi. B RAM, as the signatures the tool look for may be loaded at a memory address > 0xffffffff. You may still be able to exploit the target by dumping as much memory as possible and, say, search for encryption keys. You may have trouble reading above 2 Gi. B on targets with more than 2 Gi. B RAM. This is due to the way the memory controller provisions physical addresses. Since there’s currently no way of detecting (over Fire. Wire) how much physical memory the target has, the tool will continue to attempt to read memory up to the 4 Gi. B limit. You will see a noticeable slowdown in reading when the tool tries to read data from addresses that doesn’t map to hardware RAM. OS X Lion disables DMA when the user is logged out/screen is locked and File. Vault is enabled. Attacking will only work while the user is logged in, or if user switching is enabled. The user switching trick only works for versions before 1. If you have a OF/EFI firmware password set on the target Mac OS X, Fire. Wire DMA is off by default. Attack mitigation. To stay safe and protect against Fire. Wire DMA attacks, here’s a couple of suggestions: Windows. OS XDon’t panic – if you are using File. Vault. 2 and OS X Lion (1. OS will automatically turn off DMA when locked – you’re still vulnerable to attacks when unlocked, though. Set a firmware password. Linux. All of the above will impact Fire. Wire in one way or the other. Unfortunately, this is a Fire. Wire design problem, not an OS problem, and would have to be fixed in the SBP- 2 protocol itself. History. Inception was originally coded as a GPL replacement for winlockpwn, the Windows Fire. Wire unlock tool made available by Adam Bolieu aka Metlstorm. As of Linux kernel 2. Linux Distros ships with the new . Alas, Inception was born. DMA attacks has been known for many years, so this is nothing new (except for the fact that I will reverse engineer new signatures and update the tool’s functionality until the problem is fixed). However, vendors generally dismiss DMA attacks as a non- issue, which I hope that the awareness that this tool generates will change. Users deserve secure devices, even when attackers gain physical access. FAQQ: This tool is irrelevant, I can just boot the machine with . This tool is designed to unlock powered on machines that utilize secure, full disk encryption. It is also far stealthier than the above attack. Q: Can’t I just use the screen. If you have that, you probably won’t need this tool. Q: I use full disk encryption. Your tool is moot. A: No, you’re missing the point: The tool is intended to be used against full disk encrypted machines. Se FAQ 1. Q: This is FUD! I would never let anyone plug anything into my machine! I’m never more than an arm’s length from my computer. In fact, my machine is the only object I have a non- platonic relationship with, and I would never let my eyes off her. No one would go to the trouble of hacking a single machine anyway. Universal ATA/SATA/AHCI driver for Windows NT3. NT4/2. 00. 0/XP/2. React. OSUniversal ATA driver for Windows NT3. NT4/2. 00. 0/XP/2. Vista/7/React. OSWith PATA/SATA/AHCI support. Updated. 2. 01. 7. Download. To get previous stable version. Current version. - v 0. Overview. Who and why need this driver ? Let me tell you: it worth installing Uni. ATA if vendor of your new motherboard. OS. Or vice versa, you have old motherboard and want to. Windows with it. Of course, it is possible to use standard (generic) drivers those most probably. But what about performance ? You will have PIO mode with 0. Mb/sec transfer rate. There is still one common problem. Gb capacity (also known as LBA- 4. Big. Lba). Old OSes do not support such. Service Packs. Uni. ATA has built- in support for large drives. And at last - . upgrade or downgrade of the motherboard. If you simply connect your harddisk to different motherboard, the driver. IDE controller. And the system shall not boot. You will have to connect. IDE drivers to generic ones, reboot and reconnect hardware again, then change drivers. You cannot even think about walking with bootable harddrive to some other computers. Or resign yourself. Mb/sec transfer rate. Since Uni. ATA supports. IDE controllers and in addition is capable of driving. NT3. 5. 1 (i. 38. CPU), NT4, 2. 00. XP, 2. 00. 3, 2. 00. Vista, 7, React. OS (x. SMP/HT support. support of contiguous set of modes UDMA0- UDMA6 (ATA- 1. Support of numerous IDE controllers and generic ATA/ATAPI. IDE controller or motherboard. You can change data transfer mode. PIO/DMA/UDMA) on the fly. Such questions come when we have. Norton. Ghost's users know). Especially topical for w. IDE. controller makes system unbootable. By the way, to solve this. Read about it. here. Note, that. the last one is Warning: filesize() . Fixed several problems with ISA- only systems. Freeze is caused by BIOS USB keyboard emulation. Legacy USB keyboar support/emulation must be disabled in BIOS. Binary size is reduced even more. Thahks to Rayer for finding exact version where. We try to fix strange problems with several ATAPI devices on some SATA/AHCI controllers. Fixed bug in DMA timing for ICH4 chips. Due to wrong programming we got assymetric transfer r/w rate. UDMA 5 - 8. 0/1. 6 Mb/s. Added handling of Exclude option. Compatible controllers and AHCI channels. Partially added handling of . |